International

What sovereign debt restructuring is and why it takes so long

International

Understanding sovereign debt restructuring and its lengthy process

Jasmin Rodriguez

Sovereign debt restructuring refers to a negotiated or court-assisted adjustment of a nation’s external or domestic public debt conditions once the original obligations become untenable; this process usually revises interest…

What central banks can do when shocks come from outside

International

Addressing external shocks: central bank strategies

Jasmin Rodriguez

External shocks—from commodity price surges, wars, and pandemics to foreign monetary tightening and abrupt capital flow reversals—create swift and varied challenges for central banks. The suitable reaction hinges on the…

An unfinished Iran war could give Xi the upper hand in Trump talks, sources say

International

An Ongoing Iran Conflict: Xi’s Strategic Edge in Trump Talks, Sources Confirm

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A crucial meeting between China and the United States is approaching under the shadow of geopolitical uncertainty.China is pressing ahead with plans for a high-level meeting between its leader Xi…

What trends are driving cross-border e-commerce and global market entry?

International

What’s driving rising global inequality

Jasmin Rodriguez

Global inequality—both between countries and within them—has been shaped by a complex mix of economic, technological, political and environmental forces over the past four decades. Some trends reduced differences across…

How inflation can be imported from abroad

International

Imported Inflation: How International Factors Drive Up Local Prices

Jasmin Rodriguez

Inflation does not arise solely from internal demand or wage-driven forces. Open economies consistently take in price pressures generated abroad. Imported inflation emerges when rising costs of foreign goods and…

Chad: CSR cases improving access to energy and essential community services

International

Understanding Single Energy Supplier Reliance

Jasmin Rodriguez

Relying on a single energy supplier means that a household, business, community, or country obtains most or all of its energy—electricity, natural gas, heating fuel, or critical components for renewable…

How climate compliance is monitored when data is weak

International

Effective Climate Compliance Monitoring Despite Weak Data

Jasmin Rodriguez

Insufficient or patchy environmental information poses a widespread obstacle for governments, regulators, and companies seeking to uphold climate obligations. Such weak data may arise from limited monitoring networks, uneven self-reporting…

How peace processes balance stability and accountability

International

Peace Processes: Navigating Stability and Justice

Jasmin Rodriguez

Peace processes confront a core dilemma: they must stabilize post-conflict settings swiftly enough to avert renewed fighting while still providing adequate accountability to address grievances, discourage future abuses, and secure…

Why bad emissions accounting undermines climate action

International

Why Ineffective Emissions Accounting Fails Climate Initiatives

Jasmin Rodriguez

Accurate emissions accounting is the foundation of effective climate policy, corporate climate strategies, and investor decision-making. When emissions are misstated, omitted, or double-counted, the result is not merely technical error:…

Why global supply chains still feel fragile

International

Global Supply Chains: A Persistent State of Fragility

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Global supply chains are larger and more connected than ever, yet they regularly feel brittle. Disruptions that once would have been localized now ripple across continents. That fragility is not…